Υποκειμενικότητα, σώμα και λόγος ατόμων με αυτισμό
Τίτλος:
Subjectivity, body and language of people with autism: anthropological approaches
Κύρια Υπευθυνότητα:
Μαρινούδη, Θεοδοσία Π.
Επιβλέπων:
Αθανασίου, Αθηνά
Θέματα:
Keywords:
Υποκειμενικότητα, σώμα, επιτελεστικότητα, ενσυναίσθηση, γλώσσα, ανθρωπολογία των αισθήσεων, ανθρωπολογία της υγείας Subjectivity, body, performativity, empathy, language, anthropology of the senses, medical anthropology
Ημερομηνία Έκδοσης:
2014
Εκδότης:
Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών
Περίληψη:
Η διατριβή διερευνά τις διεργασίες ανάμεσα στη γλώσσα και το σώμα, στο λόγο και το συναίσθημα, επικεντρώνοντας στη διαμόρφωση των αυτιστικών υποκειμενικοτήτων. Εξετάζει την αίσθηση εαυτού που διαμορφώνουν τα άτομα με αυτισμό στις σχέσεις τους με τους άλλους. Ο αυτισμός ορίζεται ως νευρολογική αποσύνδεση της γλώσσας από το σώμα, κατά τη διάρκεια της οποίας το σώμα παρεμποδίζει τα εγκεφαλικά σήματα. Όσο διαφορετικές κι αν είναι οι αισθητηριακές τους εμπειρίες, αυτό που είναι συνεκτικό στην αυτιστική ζωή είναι η πρόσληψη πληροφοριών που δεν γενικεύεται σε εννοιολογικά σχήματα. Ακόμα και για τους αυτιστικούς που έχουν λόγο, η γλώσσα είναι ιδιοσυγκρασιακή και υποκειμενική, σύμφυτη με τις αισθήσεις, τη μνήμη και την εμπειρία, παρά με το λόγο και την αναπαράσταση. Εξετάζω τη (μη) χρήση της μεταφοράς, που θεωρείται αποκλεισμένη από την αυτιστική γλώσσα. Αναπτύσσω την αυτιστική αίσθηση της μεταφοράς ως κύρια υπόθεση εργασίας, που αφορά στην έννοια της ενσυναίσθησης: το να νιώθεις τον πόνο των άλλων στο σώμα του άλλου. Σε αντίθεση με τις γνωστικές αναγνώσεις του αυτισμού, ισχυρίζομαι πως προκειμένου να επικοινωνήσει κανείς/ καμιά με τους αυτιστικούς/ ές χρειάζεται να εστιάσει στις αισθήσεις, τα συναισθήματα και τις σωματοποιήσεις. Αυτή η προοπτική της σχεσιακότητας θα απαιτούσε την αποδόμηση των συμβατικών λογοκεντρικών κωδίκων και κατασκευών. Έτσι, εξετάζω τους πολλαπλούς τρόπους με τους οποίους η ενσυναίσθηση είναι αλληλένδετη με την ποιητική της επιτελεστικότητας, δηλαδή την ψυχική και σωματική κοινωνική διαδικασία αναπαραγωγής του ηγεμονικού λόγου. Διατυπώνω το ερώτημα του πώς είναι πιθανό η αυτιστική μεταφορά να προκαλέσει ρωγμές στις προϋποτιθέμενες νόρμες αναπαράστασης και να δημιουργήσει νέα νοήματα ή νέες αρθρώσεις του τι έχει αξία και νόημα και ισχυρίζομαι πως η ενσυναίσθηση των αυτιστικών προϋποθέτει την αποδόμηση των κυρίαρχων ρόλων και νοημάτων που επιτελούν οι νευροτυπικοί.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the interrelations between language and the body, as well as discourse and affect, focusing on the formation of autistic subjectivities. It investigates the sense of self which autistic people form in connecting with others. Autism is defined as a neurological disconnection between language and the body, during which the body blocks brain waves. No matter how different their lived sensual experiences are, what is coherent in autistic life is the perception of information which cannot be generalized in conceptual schemas. Even for autistics who have speech, language is idiosyncratic and subjective, mainly affected by their senses, memory and experience, rather than discourse and representation. I explore the (non) use of metaphor, which is presumed to be exempted from autistic language. I deploy the autistic sense of metaphor into my main question of inquiry, which is concerned with the notion of empathy: feeling the pain of others in one’s own body. In contrast to cognitive accounts of autism, I argue that in order to communicate with autistics, one should focus on senses, affects and embodiments. This perspective on relationality would require the deconstruction of conventional logocentric conceits and constructs. Thus, I explore the multiple ways through which empathy is intertwined with the poetics of performativity, that is, the psychic and embodied social process of reproduction of hegemonic discourse. I address the question of how it would be possible for the excluded autistic metaphor to provoke a crisis in pre-established norms of representation and perform new meanings, or new assemblages of what counts as “meaning” and I argue that empathy with autistics presupposes the deconstruction of the dominant roles and meanings we neurotypicals perform.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the interrelations between language and the body, as well as discourse and affect, focusing on the formation of autistic subjectivities. It investigates the sense of self which autistic people form in connecting with others. Autism is defined as a neurological disconnection between language and the body, during which the body blocks brain waves. No matter how different their lived sensual experiences are, what is coherent in autistic life is the perception of information which cannot be generalized in conceptual schemas. Even for autistics who have speech, language is idiosyncratic and subjective, mainly affected by their senses, memory and experience, rather than discourse and representation. I explore the (non) use of metaphor, which is presumed to be exempted from autistic language. I deploy the autistic sense of metaphor into my main question of inquiry, which is concerned with the notion of empathy: feeling the pain of others in one’s own body. In contrast to cognitive accounts of autism, I argue that in order to communicate with autistics, one should focus on senses, affects and embodiments. This perspective on relationality would require the deconstruction of conventional logocentric conceits and constructs. Thus, I explore the multiple ways through which empathy is intertwined with the poetics of performativity, that is, the psychic and embodied social process of reproduction of hegemonic discourse. I address the question of how it would be possible for the excluded autistic metaphor to provoke a crisis in pre-established norms of representation and perform new meanings, or new assemblages of what counts as “meaning” and I argue that empathy with autistics presupposes the deconstruction of the dominant roles and meanings we neurotypicals perform.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the interrelations between language and the body, as well as discourse and affect, focusing on the formation of autistic subjectivities. It investigates the sense of self which autistic people form in connecting with others. Autism is defined as a neurological disconnection between language and the body, during which the body blocks brain waves. No matter how different their lived sensual experiences are, what is coherent in autistic life is the perception of information which cannot be generalized in conceptual schemas. Even for autistics who have speech, language is idiosyncratic and subjective, mainly affected by their senses, memory and experience, rather than discourse and representation. I explore the (non) use of metaphor, which is presumed to be exempted from autistic language. I deploy the autistic sense of metaphor into my main question of inquiry, which is concerned with the notion of empathy: feeling the pain of others in one’s own body. In contrast to cognitive accounts of autism, I argue that in order to communicate with autistics, one should focus on senses, affects and embodiments. This perspective on relationality would require the deconstruction of conventional logocentric conceits and constructs. Thus, I explore the multiple ways through which empathy is intertwined with the poetics of performativity, that is, the psychic and embodied social process of reproduction of hegemonic discourse. I address the question of how it would be possible for the excluded autistic metaphor to provoke a crisis in pre-established norms of representation and perform new meanings, or new assemblages of what counts as “meaning” and I argue that empathy with autistics presupposes the deconstruction of the dominant roles and meanings we neurotypicals perform.
Περιγραφή:
Στη Βιβλιοθήκη δεν κατατέθηκε αντίτυπο σε ένυπη μορφή.